The Tornese “coin”

The best known tornese coined in Italy is the “Neapolitan tornese”. It was a copper coin issued by the Aragones in Naples in the mid-15th century and struck until 1861.
It was worth 1/20 of a pug or 6 horses.
The complete system was structured as follows:
1 ducat = 5 tarì
1 tarì = 2 pugs
1 pug = 10 grana
1 grain = 2 tornesi
1 tornese = 6 horses.
The tornese of Carlo di Borbone (1734-1759) bore the writing “HILARITAS” on three lines on the reverse. The three-tornesi coin was also called “Publica” due to the writing “PVBLICA LÆTITIA” on the reverse.
The three-tornesi coin of Ferdinand IV instead had the inscription “PVBLICA COMMODITAS”. On the one tornese coin was written the indication of the value “TORNESE CAVALLI VI” on four lines. Coins of 10, 8, and 5 tornesi, all of copper, were also minted.
During the Neapolitan Republic of 1799, two 6 and 4 tornesi coins were minted. Both bore the consular bundle surmounted by the Phrygian cap.
The second coinage of Ferdinand IV (1799-1805) features 6 and 4 tornesi coins. On the one tornese coin there was an indication of the value in horses.
During the reigns of Giuseppe Bonaparte (1806-1808) and Gioacchino Murat (1808-1815) no tornesi were issued.
With the return to the throne of Ferdinand and with his third coinage, those of 1815 and 1816, “OTTO TORNESI” and “CINQUE TORNESI” coins were minted.
With the fourth coinage, issued after 1816, when Ferdinand reunited the two kingdoms and therefore took the name of Ferdinand I, ten, eight, five and four tornesi coins were issued.
The one tornese coin was only issued in 1817 and was the lowest value coin minted.
Francesco I (1825-1830) issued only the 10, 5, 2 tornese coins and the “TORNESE UNO” one, while Ferdinand II (1830-1859) coined the 10, 5, 3, 2, 1 1/2 1 and 1/2 tornese. On all coins the value was expressed in letters.
The last Bourbon of Naples, Francesco II (1859-1861), during his short reign, minted 10, 5 and 2 tornesi coins.
Source wikipedia